Machine for calculating avoirdupois weights



July 9,1957

- MACHINE EOR CALCULATING AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTS Filed Sept. e, 195;

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' July 9, 1957 D. H. BATES MACHINE FOR CALCULATING AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHTSFiled Sept. 9, 1953 {5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR DENIS HAROLD BATES HISATTORNEYS D. H. BATES July 9, 1957' MACHINE FOR CALCULATING AVOIRDUPOISWEIGHTS Filed Sept. 9, 1953 3 Sfieets-Sheet 3 S m A B R D mL o E R VA NHis N E D Y B m flIS' ATTORNEYS United States Patent MACHENE FORCALCULATHJG AVOIRDUPGIS WEIGHTS Denis Harold Bates, Earlsfield, London,England, assignor to The National Cash Register Company, Dayton, flhlo,a corporation of Maryland Application September 9, 1953, Serial No.379,184

18 Claims. (Cl. 235- 133) This invention relates to calculating machinesand more particularly tomachines for effecting calculating of weightaccording to the avoirdupois system of measurenlent.

In adapting calculating machines, having a normal decimal keyboard, forweight calculation in avoirdupois, considerable difliculties areencountered in regard to the complex transfer arrangements requiredbetween the various wheels of the totalizer, and in particular, inrelation to. the pounds and quarters denominations. For example, themachine must have facilities for the entry of from 1 to 9 pounds in theunits of pounds keybank, and pound units in the tens of pounds keybank,and l to 3 in unit quarters in the quarters keybank, the quarters beingof twenty-eight pounds each.

Thus, considering entries into the units of pounds keybank, the unitswheel of the totalizer will continue to add with two normal transfers at10 and 20. From this point, the units wheel can. only continue to add afurther seven pounds, whereupon, with the entry of the next unit, atransfer must be carried through to the quarters wheel, the units Wheelcaused to skip the 8 and 9 positions to zero or beyond, and also thetens of pounds zeroised or taken beyond, dependent on the amount added.This involves four dilferent types of transfers which may be analysed asfollows:

Firstly, when the units of pounds wheel of the totalizer passes from 9to 0, 1 must be transferred to the tens of pounds Wheel when the latteris standing at 0 or 1.9)

Secondly, when the tens of pounds wheel of the totalizer is standing at2 and the units of pounds wheel passes from 7 to 8, that is, to effectthe registration of one quarter, two units must be added to the latterwheel to bring it to O.

Thirdly, simultaneously as the second transfer described above takesplace, one unit must be added to the tens of pounds wheel, bringing itfrom 2 to 0, and as this occurs, the fourth transfer is effected, i. e.one unit must be transferred to the quarters Wheel.

For example, if 9 pounds are firstly entered into the machine, and 1pound is added, the units of pounds wheel will return to 1," whereas thetensof pounds wheel will be advanced from O to 1. added, the totalizerwill obviously register 19 pounds.

However, if a further 1 pound is added, the units of pounds wheel willbe advanced from 9 to 0 and transfer will occur to the tens of poundswheel, bringing the latter from 1 to 2, the totalizer thus registering20 pounds. Further unit pound registrations will occur up to 27 pounds.

With the addition of a further 1 pound, the units of pounds wheel willbe advanced two steps, i. e. from 8 to 0 and simultaneously the tens ofpounds wheel will be advanced from 2 to 0 while transfer occurs fromthis latter wheel to the quarters wheel to advance it from 0 to 1. Thusthe totalizer will be registering 1 quarter 00 pounds.

If a further 9 pounds are The above transfer movements will occur until3 quarters 27 pounds are shown in the indicator, but should 1 pound beadded thereto, the above four transfers will be repeated. However, theaddition of 1 to the quarters wheel will cause it to transfer 1 to theunits of hundred;- weights wheel, the hundred-weight being of onehundred and twelve pounds, so that the totalizer would be registering 1hundred-weight, 0 quarters, 00 pounds.

Accordingly the invention comprises a machine for effecting calculationsaccording to the avoirdupois system of measurement, including atotalizer and actuators therefor, the units of pounds actuator normallyadding nine but being capable of an additional movement to add anadditional amount into the units of pounds totalizer wheel, transfermechanism associated with the units of pounds totalizer wheel, and apair of stop-members adapted to block the path of the units of poundsactuator and thereby prevent the additional movement thereof, one ofsaid members being under the control of the units of pounds totalizerwheel and disabled when said wheel passes through its eight and ninepositions, while the remaining member is disabled when the tens ofpounds totalizer wheel passes through its two to zero positions, therebyenabling the units of pounds actuator to make the additional movement toadvance the units of pounds totalizer wheel to zero or beyond, dependentupon the resultant.

In regard to subtract entries the two stop members are operative fromthe tens of pounds totalizer wheel whereby the complement of the trueamount is registered in the totalizer.

The above, and other subsidiary features of the present invention asapplied by way of example only, to one manner of carrying it intoeffect, are applied to a machine; of the general type disclosed inapplication for United States Letters Patent Serial No. 171,118 of CarlH. Carlson et al., which was filed June 29, 1950, and which is,- sued asUnited States Patent No. 2,666,574, will now be described, withreference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a perspective viewv of the completev machine.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic vertical section, through a typicaldenominational order of the machine, from front. to rear, showing thedigit keyboard and the differential: totalizer and printing mechanism,other portions ofthemechanism being omitted for clarity.

Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the mechanism foraccomplishing the calculations inthe avoirdu-- pois system.

Figs. 4-11 are various detail views, the purpose of. illustration ofwhich will be made apparent in the following description.

General description The machine is housed in a casing-10-(-Fig. 1),having a;

viewing window 11, through which the number wheels of the totalizer arevisible. There are ten denominational orders of digit representing keys12v projecting; through a cover plate 13 on the, casing. 10, the firstfive.

rection control, used to release any depressed digitkeys. A setof typebars 20 (see Fig. 2) prints items, totals, and? symbols, on a tally roll21 held in" a paper carriage 22.

The machine automatically takes and prints true positive totals, uponthe depression of a common total-taking key 17, and means may beprovided whereby depression of said key will take and print truenegative totals.

Difierential mechanism Secured between the front ends of the rightvertical side plate (not shown) and the front end of the left verticalside plate of the machine, is a normal slotted plate or comb (also notshown) in which the front ends of a series of denominational order stopbars 23 (Fig. 2), one for each denominational order, are guided andsupported for sliding motion.

As the stop bars of all orders are similar, a typical order only isshown in Fig. 2 as an example.

' The bar 23 is pivoted at the rear end, by a stud 2 o the upperextending arm of a three-armed diverging lever 25 pivotally mounted on ashaft 26, and is urged forwardly in known manner by a spring (not shown)applying tension approximately midway therealong, but is held againstsuch movement by means of a bail 27 (Fig. 2) extending across the frontof all the diverging levers. All of the diverging levers, with theexception of the two lowest orders, are similar to those disclosed inthe mentioned United States Letters Patent of Carl H. Carlson et 211.,i. e. an integral rearwardly extending arm of each lever is indirectlypivoted to an associated printer type-bar.

However, in regard to the levers associated with the two lowest ordersthe rearwardly extending arm is not integral, but in lieu thereof, eachhas a rearwardly extending portion 28 (see Fig. 2) which is coupled, bya spring 29, to a lever 30 immediately adjacent thereto and freelymounted on the shaft 26, the portion 28 being bent at 31 so as to beimmediately beneath said lever 30.

The lever 30 is pivoted to one arm of a U-shaped adjusting link 32, theother arm of which is pivoted on a stud 33 of a printer type-bar 34where it is retained by a spring clip 35.

Mounted on the upper end of each diverging lever is a toothed rack 36adapted to be engaged by an associated totalizer pinion as described ingreater detail hereinafter. The racks are adapted to move forwardly byan amount dependent upon the movement of their associated stop bars, andthe former, as described in greater detail in the Carlson patent, towhich reference has been made, are each spring-loaded to be capable ofan additional movement forwardly by one position to effect a transferinto the next bank, this being the case with all the racks with theexception of the two lowest orders, i. e. the units of pounds and tensof pounds.

The stop bars 23 associated with the units and tens of pounds arerestored at each machine operation a further distance towards the rearof the machine than the remaining bars, and the spring coupling 29 willthus permit this continued movement after the downward movement of thetype-bars has been arrested. The type bars 34 are vertically adjusted inknown manner with respect to the paperplaten 37, shown diagrammatically,according to the selective positioning of the diverging levers undercontrol of the digit keys, to be described later.

A forwardly projecting arm 38 of each of the diverging levers 25 has analigning rack 39 mounted thereon for engagement by an aligning bail (notshown) in known manner.

Digit keyboard The keyboard, in which the digit keys for controlling themovement of the difierential stop bars 23 are mount- 1 cutin thetopandbottom plates and are normally held in an upward position by springs43. The depression of akeyAZ-causes its stem to be projected below 'thehot- 4 tom plate 41 so as to be in the path of an associated tooth onthe stop bar 23 so that the latter will be arrested after apredetermined amount of movement during the first half of any entrycycle of the machine.

Provision may be made, in known manner, for an interlock between the 20pounds key and the 8 and 9 pounds keys in order to prevent the directentry of a quarter or more in terms of pounds.

The totalizer The totalizer is mounted in a frame which carries a shaft43a (Figs. 2 and 3), the totalizer wheels being rotatably mounted inspaced relation on said shaft. The units of pounds totalizer wheelcomprises a ten-toothed pinion 44 (Fig. 2) while the tens of poundswheel comprises a twelve-toothed pinion. The quarters totalizer wheelcomprises an eight-toothed pinion wheel, while the hundred-weights andtons wheels each comprise a tentoothed pinion.

All of the pinions have attached thereto, an indicator drum 45, that forthe units of pounds wheel bearing the numerals 0 to 9, that for the tensof pounds wheels bearing the numerals 0 to 2 repeated four times aboutits periphery, that for the quarters bearing the numerals 0 to 3repeated twice about its periphery, that for the units ofhundred-Weights bearing the numerals O to 9, and that for the tens ofhundred-weights bearing 0 to l repeated five times about its periphery,while the remainder of the drums each bear the numerals 0 to 9" abouttheir peripheries.

On the left-hand side of each indicator drum 45, is a transfer member,that for the units of pounds wheel being shown in detail in Fig. 4, andthose of the tens of pounds, quarters, and tens of hundred-weights,being shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 7, respectively.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 11, the transfer member of the units of poundswheel, includes a subtract tripping tooth 46, and an add tripping tooth47 spaced counterclockwise of the subtract tooth at 30 degrees, andbeing offset leftwardly from the tooth 46 as viewed from the front ofthe machine, see Figs. 8 and 9.

The transfer member associated with the tens of pounds wheel 45, isprovided with four subtract teeth 46 and four add teeth 47, as shown inFig. 5, whereas the pawl member for the quarters wheel has two subtractteeth and two add teeth, as shown in Fig. 6.

As will be seen from Fig. 7, the tens of hundredweights transfer memberhas five subtract teeth and five add teeth. The units of hundred-weightswheel and the remainder of the wheels i. e. the tons, each have pawlmembers similar to that shown in Fig. 4, i. e. one add tooth and onesubtract tooth.

The totalizer shaft is movable from the right to the left and moves thetotalizer correspondingly. In its righthand position, that is, foradding, the pinions 44 of the totalizer wheels are aligned oppositely tothe actuator racks 36 on the diverging levers 25. The machine employsthe method of direct subtraction, and for this purpose there isassociated with each totalizer pinion 44, an idler gear consisting oftwo pinions 48 and 49 (Figs. 2, 8 and 9), coupled by a sleeve 50 mountedon a short shaft 51 supported on the totalizer frame. The pinion 49 isin permanent engagement with the pinion 44, but when the totalizer frameis shifted to the left for subtraction, the pinions 48 are aligned withthe actuator racks 36.

Fig. 8 shows the disposition of the parts when the totalizer shaft is inthe adding position, whilst Fig. 9 shows their disposition when thetotalizer shaft has been moved into the subtraction position. The mannerof control of the movements of the totalizer shaft is fully described inthe Carlson et 211., United States Patent No. 2,666,574, to whichreference has been made.

As will be seen from Fig. 3, the toothed actuator racks 36 are eachmounted on the upwardly extending arm of their associated diverginglever, by means of studs on.

the latter engaging slots on the former, not shown in detail, suchcoupling permitting of relative movement of the rack forwardly by onestep, from the normal position in which it is held by a spring 52, withthe exception of the units of pounds and tens of pounds racks which arepermitted a relative movement of two steps.

Dealing firstly with the lowest order, i. e. the units of pounds wheel,it will be seen that an abutment 53 extends laterally from the rack 36and normally abuts against two stops 54 and 55 respectively formed onthe right-hand ends of a pair of U-shaped brackets 56, 57.

The bracket 56 embraces the bracket 57, and both are pivoted on a shaft58 passing between plates 59 (see also Fig. 2) supported on rods 60 and61 secured in the frame side plates. The bracket 57 has its right-handportion formed as a high surface 62 adapted to be operated upon by a cam63 secured on the units of pounds totalizer pinion 44, the purpose ofsaid cam being described hereinafter. In Fig. 2, the right-hand end ofbracket 56 has been omitted for clarity.

It will also be seen from Fig. 3, that the upper edge of the right-handend of each of the brackets 56, 57, is inclined as indicated at 64, andfrom Fig. 2, it will be seen that these angled portions are normallyadapted to contact the underside of the rod 61, springs 65 urging saidbrackets upwardly, the upper end of the springs being anchored to abridge 66 secured above the brackets.

As viewed in Fig. 3, the left-hand end of the bracket 57 is formed witha dependent portion 67 having an arcuate slot 68, while the left-handend of bracket 56 is formed at right-angles to the main body so as toform an arm 69 which terminates in an upstanding portion 70 and isprovided with a Hat surface 71 the purpose of which will be describedhereinafter.

A transfer lever '72 rockably mounted on the shaft 58, is provided inassociation with the lowest order, i. e. the units of pounds. Thistransfer lever has an outer offset portion 73 in alignment with theabove-mentioned add transfer tooth 47 (see also Fig. 4) of the transfermember of the units of pounds order when the totalizer is in addingposition.

A pivotally mounted latch is associated with each totalizer wheel, andthat, '74, relating to the units of pounds wheel, is provided with anarm 75 and a lug 76 and is urged counter-clockwise by a spring 77.

The transfer lever 72, through a pin 78, is connected to a pawl 79 thenose of which is adapted to cooperate With a ratchet lever 80 pivotallymounted on the shaft 58 and shown in greater detail in Fig. 10, the pawlbeing urged into its operative position by means of a spring 81 which isanchored to the bridge 66.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 10, it will be seen that the ratchetlever 80 is substantially U-shaped near its forward end, one limb beingprovided with three steps 82 and a notch 83, while the other limb isprovided with a pair of shoulders 84 and 85. As indicateddiagrammatically in Figure 3, the front surface 86 of the ratchet lever80 is normally in the path of an abutment 87 carried by the rack 36associated with the tens of pounds totalizer wheel. Moreover, it willalso be seen that the ear 75 of the latch 74 normally rests on thelowermost step 82 of the ratchet lever 80 and contacts a surface 88 ofthe transfer lever 72.

A transfer lever 89, also pivotally mounted on the shaft 58, isassociated with the tens of pounds order, the nose 90 of said lever alsobeing offset to align with the four add teeth 47 (see Fig. 5) of thetransfer member of the tens of pounds wheel when the totalizer is inadding position. However, it will be seen from Fig. 3 that an upper edgeof this transfer lever is provided with a pair of steps 91 while itslower edge is provided with a lateral extension 92 adapted to contactthe flat surface 71 of the arm 69, and also to contact an abutment 93carried by the quarters actuator 36. g

A latch 94, associated with the tens of pounds totalizer Wheel isprovided with an car 95 and a lug 96, a spring 97 urging the latchcounter-clockwise, whereby the car 95 is normally adapted to rest uponthe lowermost step 91 of the adjacent lever 89, as showndiagrammatically.

A lever 98, Figure 3, is pivoted, at 99, to the latch 94, and isprovided with a stud 100 extending therefrom and located in the arcuateslot 68 in the depending arm 67 of the bracket 57.

The operation of the mechanism relating to the present invention willnow be described.

Add operations As described in the aforesaid United States Patent No.2,666,574 of Carlson et al., at the commencement of each machine cycle,the transfer levers are all reset at zero.

Assuming that the machine has previously been cleared, and 7 pounds areentered into the machine, the amount will be registered on the units ofpounds totalizer pinion in the usual Way, so that the cam 63 thereonwill be adjacent the surface 62 of the bracket 57.

Upon a further 1 pound, making a total of 8 pounds, being entered intothe machine, the cam 63 will contact the surface 62 to rock the bracket57 counter-clockwise about its shaft 58, thereby removing the stop 55out of the path of the abutment 53 carried by the units of pounds rack36. Simultaneously, the dependent portion 67 at the other end of thebracket 57 will move, thereby removing the rear face of the arcuate slot68 from contact with the stud 100.

The surface 62 and the cam 63 are so related that the bracket 57 isretained depressed through positions 8 and '9 of the units of poundstotalizer wheel.

However, if a further 8 pounds are entered into the machine, making atotal of 16 pounds, the cam 63 will ride off the surface 62, as theunits of pounds totalizer pinion passes from its 9 to its 0 position,thereby permitting the spring 65 to return the lever bracket 57 tonormal. As the units of pounds totalizer wheel passes from its 9 to its0 position, the add tooth 47 (Fig. 4), will engage the offset portion 73of the transfer lever 72 thereby rocking the latter about the shaft 58.

Through the medium of pin 78, the depression of the transfer lever 72will cause the pawl 79 to depress the ratchet lever 80, thus permittingthe car 75 on the latch 74 to engage the next upper step 82 (Fig. 10) onsaid ratchet lever, under the influence of the spring 77, therebymaintaining the latter in its depressed position whereby the portion 86of the ratchet lever will be moved out of the path of the abutment 87 ofthe tens of pounds rack 36, and the shoulder 84 moved thereinto.

Obviously, the tens of pounds rack 36 will now be permitted to move anextent equal to one tooth thereon, in other words, the totalizer pinionof the tens of pounds wheel will move from its 0 position to its 1position. In the meantime, the units of pounds pinion will have reachedits 6 position. Thus 16 pounds will now be registered on the totalizer.

At the commencement of the next machine cycle, the totalizer frame, asdescribed above, will rock the totalizer latches in a clockwisedirection. Such movement of the latch 74 will enable its car 75 tocontact the rear edge of the pawl 79, thereby similarly rocking thelatter, which will remove its nose from engagement with the ratchet 8i?which is thereupon moved upwardly by its spring lltll. The car 75 willthereupon restore to the lowermost step 82 of the ratchet 80, and thenose of the pawl will re-engage the notch 83 of said ratchet when thelatch 74 is restored.

Simultaneously, in known manner, the bail 27, extending across the frontof the diverging levers, will be removed, thus permitting the latter tomove forwardly.

If a further 9 pounds are now entered into the machine, making a totalof 25 pounds, the units of pounds totalizer will move from its "6position to its 5 position, and in so doing, the bracket 57 will againbe depressed 7 when the totalizer pinion is in its "8 and "9 positions,and returned as the latter moves from 9 to 0.

As the units of pounds totalizer pinion passes from "9 to 0, its addtooth 47 (see Fig. 4) will again depress the transfer lever 72 and causethe pawl 79 to depress the ratchet 80 in the manner described above.This latter movement enables the ear 75 of the latch 74 to engage thenext upper step 82 (see Fig. 10) thus maintaining the ratchet 80 in aposition where the shoulder 84 thereon will be in the path of theabutment 87 of the tens of pounds rack 36 and permitting the latter tomove a distance equal to one tooth. The totalizer pinion of the tens ofpounds will have now been rotated to However, as the tens of poundspinion moves from its 1 position to its 2 position, its add tooth 47(see Fig. 5) will contact the portion 70 of the arm 69 and rock thelatter about its pivot point 58, thereby, at its opposite end, removingthe stop 54 on the bracket 56 out of the path of the abutment 53 carriedby the units of pounds rack 36.

In the meantime, the units of pounds wheel will have reached its 5position. Thus pounds will now be registered on the totalizer, and thecondition is that the stop 55 is in the path of the abutment 53 of theunits of pounds rack, while the stop 54 is held out of the path of saidabutment.

As before, at the commencement of the next machine cycle, the transferlevers are reset, thus resetting the car 75, pawl '79, and ratchet 80.

If now, a further 3 pounds are entered into the machine, making a totalof 28 pounds, 1 quarter, 00 pounds will be registered on the totalizer.However, the units of pounds wheel will move to its 8 position, but inthis case, means must be provided to add an additional two to move thewheel to O. This requires a backward control from the tens of poundswheels, and involves a fugitive two" mechanism.

The means for adding the fugitive two will now be explained.

Taking the given example, it will be recalled that the stop 54 onbracket 56 is removed from the path of the units of pounds rack 36 whenthe tens of pounds pinion is in its 2 position, therefore, as the unitsof pounds totalizer wheel again passes from its 7 to its 8 position, thecam 63 on the units of pounds totalizer pinion will engage the surface62 to remove the stop 55 from the path of the abutment 53 of the unitsof pounds rack 36. Thus both stops 54 and 55 will have been removed fromthe path of the abutment 53 thereby permitting the units of pounds rackto move a distance equal to two teeth on said rack, and entering thefugitive two into the totalizer.

When the units of pounds totalizer pinion now passes from its 9 positionto its "0 position, its add tooth 47 will again depress the transferlever 72 as described above, thereby causing the ear 75 to move into thefirst step 82 of the ratchet 80.

The add tooth 47 of the tens of pounds totalizer pinion wheel will, asthe latter approaches its zero position, contact the nose 90 of thetransfer lever 89 and depress same. 7

Depression of the transfer lever 89 will remove the lateral extension 92(see Fig. 3) thereon from the path of the abutment 93 carried by thequarters rack 36 and thereby permit the latter to move an extent equalto one tooth thereon, thus causing 1" to be entered into-its totalizerwheel.

In the meantime, the units of pounds wheel will have reached its 0position. Thusthe amount shown in the totalizer will be 1 quarter 00pounds.

When the quarters totalizer has reached its capacity i. e. 3 it willpass from 3 to 0 and in so doing, will transfer 1 to the units ofhundred-weights totalizer wheel in known manner. Similarly, when thelatter passes through 9 to 0, it will add 1 to the-tens of hundredweights totalizer wheel and soon to the tons" Wheels, throughoutthemachine. f' i e 1 8 Where the tens of pounds pinion wheel is actuatedindependently of the units of pounds wheel, such e. g. as when 10 poundsare added to 20 pounds, making a total of 30 pounds, the fugitive two"is automatically entered into the units of pounds totalizer wheel.

As explained above, when the tens of pounds totalizer pinion is standingat 2, he add tooth 47 thereon, will maintain the lever arm 69 depressed,and thus the stop 54 will be disabled. As the tens of pounds totalizerpinion passes from 2 to the add tooth thereon, contacts the nose 96 ofthe transfer lever 39 and thereby depresses the latter. The first step91 of the transfer lever is thus moved from the path of the ear 95,which permits the latch 94 to rotate counterclockwise under urgency ofits spring 97 to move the said car into the second step 91 of thetransfer lever 89 and maintain the latter in its depressed position, andin so doing, the lateral portion 92 thereof, due to its contact with theupper edge of the lever arm 69, will maintain said arm in its depressedposition. Also the stud 1% on lever 98 similarly rocks the bracket 57thereby to remove the stop 55 from the path of the abutment 53 carriedby the units of pounds rack.

As both stops 54, 55 have now been removed, the units of pounds rack ispermitted a movement equal to two teeth, or in other words the fugitivetwo will be entered into the units of pounds totalizer, which, in thisexample, will move to 2. Thus the indicator 11 would show a reading of 1quarter 02 pounds.

Obviously owing to the depression of the transfer lever 89, the lateralportion 92 thereof will have been removed from the path of the abutment93 on the quarters rack 36, thereby permitting the latter to move adistance equal to one tooth and thus entering one unit into the quarterstotalizer wheel.

A further condition arises, in connection with the rotation of the unitsof pounds and tens of pounds totalizer wheels, where 9 pounds or 19pounds are standing in the totalizer, and 19 pounds or 9 pounds areadded thereto, respectively.

For example, if 19 pounds are standing in the totalizer and 9 pounds areadded thereto, the units of pounds wheel, as it approaches zero, willtransfer one unit into the tens of pounds totalizer pinion as described.

The tens of pounds pinion wheel will therefore move from 1 to 2 todepress the lever arm 69 thereby to move the stop 54 from the path ofthe units of pounds rack.

The units of pounds totalizer pinion wheel will then advance to its 8position, whereupon the cam 63 will contact the surface 62 thusdisabling the stop 55. Hence both stops 54 and 55 will now be out of thepath of the units of pounds rack thus enabling the latter to move anextent equal to two teeth and thereby entering the fugitive two therein.

As the fugitive two is entered, the add tooth of the units of poundspinion will cause depression of the ratchet 80, and hence theadvancement of the tens of pounds pinion from 2 to 0" and the quarterswheel from O to 1 will take place as described.

Thus the indicator 11 would show 1 quarter 00 pounds.

Subtract operations Firstly, as fully described in the aforesaid UnitedStates patent of Carlson et al., No. 2,666,574, the totalizer isconditioned for subtract entries by moving the totalizer to the left tobring the pinions 48 of the idler gears into alignment with the actuatorracks 36 and the subtract teeth 46 of the transfer members intoalignment with portions 102, 103 (see Figs. 4-9) of the transfer levers.

Movement of the shaft will remove the cams 63 from alignment with thesurface 62 and similarly the add tooth 47 of the tens of pounds pinionwill be moved out of alignment with the upstanding portion of the arm69.

However, the stops 54 and 55 of the brackets 56, 57,

will still be in alignment with the abutment 53 carried by the units ofpounds rack 36, or in other words, the latter will be prevented frommaking the fugitive transfer movement.

Thus, assuming that a positive quantity of three pounds is standing inthe totalizer and it is desired to subtract 6 pounds therefrom, theunits of pounds totalizer wheel will rotate in the opposite direction,and as said wheel approaches zero, the subtract tooth 46 thereon willcam down on the surface 102 (see Fig. 3) on the transfer lever '72 tocause a negative transfer into the tens of pounds totalizer pinion, thusrotating it to 2. A negative entry into the tens of pounds totalizerpinion will cause the subtract tooth 46 thereon to cam down on thesurface 103 formed on the transfer lever 89. This permits the lateralextension 92 on said lever 89 to bear down upon the surface 71 of thearm 69 thus rocking the bracket 56 about its pivot point 58 therebyremoving the stop 54 from the path of abutment 53.

Owing to the depression of the transfer lever 89, the ear 95 of latch 94will move onto the second step 91 of said lever, and hence the movementof the latch 94 in a counterclockwise direction will cause the stud 100on lever 98 to contact the rear edge of the arcuate slot 68 and therebyurge the dependent portion 67 of bracket 57 also in a counterclockwisedirection. Such movement of the bracket 57 will remove the stop 55thereon from the path of the abutment 53 carried by the units of poundsrack 36.

It will be appreciated that as both of the stops 54 and 55 are nowdisabled, the units of pounds rack will be permitted a movement equal totwo teeth thereon, thus subtracting the fugitive two from the units ofpounds order, which will then move to its 5 position.

Also, depression of the transfer lever 89 will transfer to quarters,which in passing from 0-3, transfers negatively to the next highestorder which is repeated up to the highest order of the machine, wherebythe totalizer will register the complement of the true figure; that is,9999919325.

A further condition arises, in connection with the rotation of the unitsof pounds and tens of pounds totalizer wheels in subtract operations,Where certain combinations of figures are in question.

For example, if 1 quarter pounds is standing in the totalizer, assumingthat the last entry was an add entry, and it is desired to subtract 19pounds therefrom, this amount is entered into the keyboard insubtraction.

During the ensuing operating cycle of the machine, the bail restrainingthe diverging levers will be allowed to move, and the latter, beingunder spring tension, will move forwardly, until their associatedstop-bars 23 contact the appropriate depressed keys, i. e. l and 9,bearing in mind, of course, that the two lowermost orders of theactuator racks 36 are spring loaded one position forwardly from theremainder of the racks. making a total of two positions from zero.Thereafter the totalizer will be engaged with the racks, and thesubtract transfer teeth 46 on each totalizer pinion wheel will bealigned with the cammed surfaces of the transfer levers. Subsequently,the bail 27 restores the diverging levers, and hence the racks moverearwardly, but in the example given the bail 27 will firstly contactthe units of pounds diverging lever which will rotate the units ofpounds totalizer pinion in the reverse direction thus permitting thesubtract tooth 4-6 thereon, as the pinion moves from 0 to 9, to cam downon the surface 102 of the transfer lever 72. Depression of the latterwill subtract one unit from the tens of pounds wheel and cause the pawl'79 to depress the ratchet 80 thus a1lowing the ear 75 of latch 74, tomove up one step 82 on said ratchet. This condition ensures that theratchet 80 will be latched in its depressed position thus removing theabutment 86 out of the path of the tens of pounds rack and therebyplacing the shoulder 84 of the ratchet, into the path of the abutment 87which will thereby permit a further unit to be subtracted from the tensof pounds totalizer, i. e. the latter pinion will then be standing at 2.

The subtract tooth 46 on the tens of pounds totalizer pinion will thendepress the transfer lever 89 thus permitting the car 95 to move up ontothe step 91 of said lever, the lateral extension 92 of the lattercontacting the surface 71 of the lever arm 69 which is thereby caused torock in a counterclockwise direction thus ensuring that the stop 54 isremoved out of the path of the abutment 53 carried by the units ofpounds rack 36.

Simultaneously as extension 92 moves from the path of the abutment 93 ofthe quarters wheel one unit will be subtracted from the quarters wheelthus returning it from 1 to 0.

By reason of the ear 95 being permitted to move up onto the step 91 ofthe transfer lever '89, the stud 100 will urge the bracket 57 in acounter-clockwise direction thereby removing the stop 55 into itsinoperative position. As both stops 54 and 55 will now be in their inoperative position, the units of pounds rack will thus be permitted tomove an extent equal to two teeth thereon, or, in other words, thefugitive two will be subtracted from the lowest order wheel which willmove from 1 to 9.

During this latter movement of the units of pounds totalizer pinionwheel, the subtract tooth 46 thereon will again depress the transferlever 72 thereby permitting the nose of the pawl to engage the firststep 82 of the ratchet and depress the latter still further thuspermitting the ear 75 of latch 74 to move up yet another step 82 (seeFigure 10). Thus the riser of the shoulder (Fig. 10) will be placed inthe path of the abutment S7 of the tens of pounds rack. This will permitsaid rack to move yet a further distance equal to one tooth. Thus thetens of pounds totalizer pinion will now move from 2 to 1. The amountnow shown in the indicator 11 will be 0000000019.

What is claimed is:

l. A machine for effecting calculations according to the avoirdupoissystem of measurement, including a totalizer and actuators therefor, theunits of pounds actuator normally adding up to nine but being capable ofan additional movement to add an additional amount into the units ofpounds totalizer wheel, transfer mechanism associated with the units ofpounds totalizer wheel, and a pair of stop-members adapted to engage anabutment on the units of pounds actuator and thereby prevent theadditional movement thereof, one of said members being under the controlof the units of pounds totalizer wheel and disabled when said wheelpasses through its eight and nine positions, whilst the remaining memberis disabled when the tens of pounds totalizer wheel is in its twoposition, thereby enabling the units of pounds actuator to make theadditional movement to advance the units of pounds totalizer wheel tozero or beyond, dependent upon the amount entered in the units of poundsorder.

2. A machine according to claim 1, wherein the stopmembers each comprisea pivotally mounted lever spring biased into operative position, one ofsaid levers having that end of it which is remote from the abutment,cooperating with the tens of pounds totalizer wheel when the latter isin its two position, while the second lever has that end of it, adjacentthe abutment, formed as a high surface which is operated upon by theunits of pounds totalizer wheel as the latter passes through its eightand nine positions.

3. A machine according ot claim 1, wherein the units of pounds actuatoris provided with an abutment normally cooperating, for additive entries,with one or both of the stop members to prevent the additional movementof said actuator when the tens of pounds totalizer wheel is standing atless than two.

4. A machine according to claim 3, wherein the totalizer is provided, ineach denominational order, with a single main pinion engageable directlywith its actuator for adding operations, an auxiliary double pinionmounted on the totalizer frame one set of whose teeth engage directlywith the main pinion and the other set of whose teeth lie out of theplane of the actuator during adding operations, selectively operablemechanism for shifting the totalizer frame transversely of the actuatorsto align said other set of teeth therewith for subtract operations, atleast one pair of transfer teeth mounted integrally with the main pinionand offset from one another in the direction of shift of the totalizer,and a common transfer tripping lever having an add portion and asubtract portion offset similarly to the transfer teeth so as each tocooperate with a related one of said teeth when the frame has beenshifted to adding or subtracting position, respectively.

5. A machine according to claim 4, wherein a latch is provided inassociation with each transfer tripping lever, each of said latchesbeing provided with an ear adapted, when the transfer tripping leversare depressed by the transfer teeth to engage with a step formed on eachof the latter levers, with the exception of that associated with theunits of pounds totalizer wheel, thereby to maintain said levers in adepressed condition until the latches are automatically restored at thecommencement of each machine cycle.

6. A machine according to claim 5, wherein the frame supports a shaftupon which the stop-levers and transfer tripping levers are pivotallymounted, a spring biased ratchet also being mounted on said shaftadjacent the transfer tripping lever associated with the units of poundstotalizer wheel to effect latching of the latter lever in its depressedcondition.

7. A machine according to claim 6, wherein the ratchet is provided witha plurality of steps, a notch, and three stop-surfaces, one of thelatter being adapted, when the ratchet is in normal position, to contactan abutment carried by the tens of pounds actuator and thereby limitmovement thereof as required for normal additive and subtractiveoperations.

8. A machine according to claim 7, wherein the three stop-surfaces arelocated a predetermined distance away from each other, bothlongitudinally and vertically, to control a single, or double, transferinto the tens of pounds totalizer wheel.

9. A machine according to claim 8, wherein the transfer tripping lever,associated with the units of pounds totalizer wheel, has a spring-biasedpawl pinned thereto the nose of which, when the ratchet is in normalposition, is adapted to be located within the notch of said ratchet, theear of the related latch being located between the rear edge of the pawland the lowermost step of the ratchet.

10. A machine according to claim 9, wherein as the units of poundstotalizer wheel passes from its nine position to its zero position, theadd transfer tooth thereon will depress the associated transfer trippinglever and thus enable the pawl to depress the ratchet whereby the secondstep thereon will engage with the underside of the latch-ear, saidratchet thereby being maintained in a depressed condition until the nextmachine operation.

11. A machine according to claim 10, wherein when the ratchet is sodepressed, the first stop-surface thereon will be moved out of the pathof the abutment on the tens of pounds actuator and the secondstop-surface placed therein, thus permitting the said actuator to movean extent equal to one tooth thereon.

12. A machine according to claim 11, wherein when the totalizer latchesare rocked at the commencement of each machine cycle, the pawl will berocked by the latch associated with the units of pounds actuator thuspermitting the ratchet to be restored under spring tension whereupon thenose of the pawl will re-engage with the notch in ratchet.

13. ,A machine according to claim 12, wherein, for add operations, themain totalizer pinion related to the units of pounds, is provided with acam, adapted, when the said pinion passes through its eight and ninepositions, to cam down upon the high surface formed on the secondstop-lever, thereby pivoting the latter and rendering the second-stopinoperative.

14. A machine according to claim 13, wherein, for add operations, as thetens of pounds totalizer wheel passes from its one position to its twoposition, the relevant add transfer tooth thereon depresses the firststop-lever thereby causing the first-stop to be rocked into aninoperative position, and thus permitting the units of pounds actuator,when the totalizer wheel relating to the latter is passing through itseight and nine positions, to move an extent equal to two teeth thereonto add a fugitive two into the units of pounds totalizen.

15. A machine according to claim 14, wherein the transfer tripping leverassociated with the tens of pounds totalizer wheel is provided with alateral extension normally located in the path of an abutment carried bythe quarters actuator whereby, when said transfer tripping lever isdepressed as the tens of pounds totalizer wheel passes from its twoposition to its zero position, the quarters actuator will be permittedto move an extent equal to one tooth thereon to register one unit intothe quarters totalizer.

16. A machine according to claim 15, wherein the transfer tripping leverassociated with the tens of pounds totalizer wheel is provided with alateral extension c0- operating with the first stop-lever, whereby whenthe said tripping lever is depressed, the lateral extension will depressthe first stop-lever thus removing the first-stop from the path of theunits of pounds actuator.

17. A machine according to claim 16, wherein the latch associated withthe tens of pounds transfer tripping lever is provided with an armhaving a stud formed in the second stop-lever, said stud, when thelatch-ear moves up on to its related step of the transfer tripping leverand by reason of its contact with the rear edge of the slot, serving torock the second stop-lever thus removing the second-stop from the pathof the units of pounds actuator.

18. A machine according to claim 17, wherein entry of the fugitive twois achieved when the units of pounds totalizer wheel passes from nine tozero, whereupon the latter wheel will transfer one unit into the tens ofpounds totalizer wheel, and hence when the latter wheel moves from itsone position to its two position, the transfer tooth thereon willdepress the first stop-lever thereby removing the first-stop from thepath of the units of pounds actuator, the units of pounds totalizerwheel, as it passes through its eight and nine positions, permitting thecam to depress the second stop-lever and thereby removing thesecond-stop from the path of the units of pounds actuator to allow thelatter to move an extent equal to two teeth thereon.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,053,687 Wheat Feb. 18, 1913

